body | color | collections | commodity | cube | document | fabric | fetish | gender | glass | home | identity | living | machine | metal | minimal | mobility | narrative | olfactory | organic |
pain | paper | plastic | plugs | power | protective | rectangular | ritual | round | sound | souvenir | spiritual | style | text-based | time | tool | touch | uniform | value | visual | warm | wood
Book: Alternative Histories - New York Art Spaces 1960 to 2010 | |||
Narrative: Alternative Histories: New York
Art Spaces 1960 to 2010 The paper was made from pulp
obtained by chemical means, known as kraft
pulping. Chips of wood were placed in a large,
sealed container known as a digester. The digester
contained a strongly alkaline solution of sodium
hydroxide and sodium sulfide. Bleaching removes
lignin and involves mixing the pulp with a
series of oxidizing chemicals that react with
the lignin. After each mixture, the pulp was
washed with an alkaline solution that removes
the treated lignin. Fillers were added to the
pulp. (A typical filler is a clay known as
kaolin. Other chemicals often added to pulp
include starches or gums. Rosin and alum are
often added as sizers, making the paper less
absorbent.) Pulp was added to water to form
slurry in order to make paper with an even
density. The slurry was pumped onto a moving
mesh screen made up of very fine wires of metal
or plastic. Water drained through the small
openings in the mesh, and formed a sheet of
wet material from the slurry. The sheet was
moved on a series of belst made of felt containing
wool, cotton, and synthetic fibers. The dried
sheets moved between rollers known as calendars
to make it smooth.
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